DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Funds

For necessary expenses of the Office of the Administrator in the National Nuclear Security Administration, including official reception and representation expenses not to exceed $12,000, [$420,754,000] $448,267,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That $10,000,000 previously appropriated for cleanup efforts at Argonne National Lab shall be transferred to "Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup'': Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $13,000,000 shall be used for the projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Office of the Administrator (NNSA) Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Office of the Administrator.—This account provides the Federal salaries and other expenses of the Administrator's direct staff for Weapons Activities and Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, and Federal employees at the NNSA Service Center and site offices. The Office of the Administrator creates a well-managed, inclusive, responsive, and accountable organization through the strategic management of human capital, enhanced cost-effective utilization of information technology, and greater integration of budget and performance data. Program direction for Naval Reactors remains within that program's account, and program direction for Secure Transportation Asset remains in the Weapons Activities account.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses necessary for naval reactors activities to carry out the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition (by purchase, condemnation, construction, or otherwise) of real property, plant, and capital equipment, facilities, and facility expansion, [$945,133,000] $1,070,486,000, to remain available until expended. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Naval Reactors.—This account funds all naval nuclear propulsion work. It begins with reactor technology development, continues through reactor operation, and ends with reactor plant disposal. The program ensures the safe and reliable operation of reactor plants in nuclear-powered submarines and aircraft carriers (constituting 40 percent of the Navy's combatants), and fulfills the Navy's requirements for new nuclear propulsion plants that meet current and future national defense requirements.
Due to the crucial nature of nuclear reactor work, Naval Reactors is a centrally managed organization. Federal employees oversee and set policies/procedures for developing new reactor plants and operating existing nuclear plants and the facilities that support these plants.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for atomic energy defense weapons activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, the purchase of not to exceed one ambulance and one aircraft; [$6,384,431,000] $7,008,835,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That $357,800,000 is provided to Stockpile Systems activities including $91,956,000 for the B61 Stockpile Systems activities: Provided further, That upon completion of the Nuclear Posture Review and confirmation of the requirement for the B61-12, the NNSA is authorized to reallocate an additional $15,000,000 within the Stockpile Systems activities to support the continuation of the B61-12 non-nuclear upgrade study, with notification to cognizant congressional committees within 15 days of the implementation of this action: Provided further, That no funds may be obligated or expended for B61-12 nuclear components without prior approval by the Appropriations Committees of the House and Senate: Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $3,000,000 shall be used for the projects specified under the heading "Congressionally Directed Weapons Activities Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Programs funded within the Weapons Activities appropriation support the nation's current and future defense posture, and its attendant nationwide infrastructure of science, technology and engineering capabilities. Weapons Activities provides for the maintenance and refurbishment of nuclear weapons to sustain confidence in their safety, reliability, and performance; expansion of scientific, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities to enable certification of the enduring nuclear weapons stockpile; and manufacture of nuclear weapon components under a comprehensive test ban. Weapons Activities also provides for continued maintenance and investment in the Department's enterprise of nuclear stewardship to be more responsive and cost effective. The Department also supports the capability to return to underground testing, if so directed by the President. The major elements of the program include the following:

Campaigns.—Focuses on scientific, technical, and engineering efforts to develop and maintain critical capabilities and tools needed to support stockpile refurbishment and continued assessment and certification of the stockpile for the long-term in the absence of underground nuclear testing.

Directed Stockpile Work.—Encompasses all activities that directly support specific weapons in the stockpile. These activities include: maintenance and day-to-day care; planned refurbishment; reliability assessment; weapon dismantlement and disposal; and research, development, and certification technology efforts to meet stockpile requirements.

Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities.—Provides the underlying physical infrastructure and operational readiness for the Directed Stockpile Work and Campaign activities. These activities include ensuring that facilities are operational, safe, secure, and compliant with regulatory requirements, and that a defined level of readiness is sustained at facilities funded by the Office of Defense Programs.

Secure Transportation Asset.—Provides for the safe, secure movement of nuclear weapons, special nuclear material, and weapon components to meet projected DOE and DoD requirements. The Program Direction in this account provides for Federal agents and the transportation workforce.

Nuclear Counterterrorism Incident Response.—Formerly the Nuclear Weapons Incident Response, manages strategically placed people and equipment to provide a technically trained response to nuclear or radiological incidents worldwide, mitigates nuclear or radiological threats, and has a lead role in defending the Nation from the threat of nuclear terrorism.

Facilities and Infrastructure Recapitalization.—Continues its mission to restore the physical infrastructure of the national security enterprise. The program funding is utilized to address an integrated, prioritized series of repair and infrastructure projects focusing on elimination of legacy deferred maintenance that significantly increase the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the NNSA national security enterprise sites. The program is scheduled to conclude in 2013.

Site Stewardship.—Ensures environmentally compliant and energy efficient operations throughout the nuclear security enterprise, while modernizing, streamlining and sustaining the stewardship and vitality of the sites as they are transitioned within NNSA's plans for transformation of the national security enterprise.

Defense Nuclear Security.—Provides protection for NNSA personnel, facilities, and nuclear weapons and information from a full spectrum of threats, most notably terrorism. Provides for all safeguards and security requirements including protective forces and systems (except for personnel security investigations) at NNSA landlord sites, specifically the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Nevada Test Site, Kansas City Plant, Pantex Plant, Y-12 National Security Complex, and the Savannah River Site Tritium Facilities.

Cyber Security.—Provides the requisite guidance needed to ensure that sufficient information technology and information management security safeguards are implemented throughout the NNSA enterprise. The vision of the NNSA Cyber Security Program is to transform the NNSA security posture by making strategic investments in people, operations, and technology.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for defense nuclear nonproliferation activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed one passenger motor vehicle for replacement only, [$2,136,709,000] $2,687,167,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $250,000 shall be used for the projects specified under the heading "Congressionally Directed Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The mission of this program is to: 1) prevent the spread of materials, technology, and expertise relating to weapons of mass destruction (WMD); 2) advance the technologies to detect the proliferation of WMD worldwide; 3) and eliminate or secure inventories of surplus materials and infrastructure usable for nuclear weapons. The program addresses the danger that hostile nations or terrorist groups may acquire WMD or weapons-usable material, dual-use production technology or WMD expertise. The major elements of the program include the following:

Nonproliferation and Verification Research and Development (R&D).—This element of the program reduces the threat to national security posed by nuclear weapons proliferation/detonation or the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials through the long-term development of new and novel technology including treaty monitoring and verification capabilities. Using the unique facilities and scientific skills of NNSA and Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories and plants, in partnership with industry and academia, the R&D program conducts research and development that supports nonproliferation mission requirements to close technology gaps identified through close interaction with NNSA and other U.S. Government agencies. It meets unique challenges and plays an important role in the Federal Government by developing new technologies applicable to nonproliferation, homeland security, and national security needs.

Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS).—The NIS mission is to prevent and counter the proliferation of WMD, including materials, technologies, and expertise, by states and non-state actors. The program provides policy and technical support for nonproliferation and associated treaties and agreements, domestic and international legal and regulatory controls, and diplomatic and counter-proliferation initiatives, and through cooperation with international organizations and foreign partners on export controls, safeguards, and security. The program makes vital contributions to strengthen international security and the nuclear nonproliferation regime in four main areas: (1) Nuclear Safeguards; (2) Nuclear Controls; (3) Nuclear Verification/Transparency; and (4) Nonproliferation Policy. The NIS program safeguards nuclear material to ensure it is not diverted for non-peaceful uses, controls the spread of WMD material, technology and expertise, and verifies nuclear reductions and programs.

International Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation (INMP&C).— The INMP&C program supports one of the Administration's top priorities to lead a global effort to secure all nuclear weapons materials at vulnerable sites within four years — the most effective way to prevent terrorists from acquiring a nuclear bomb. INMP&C prevents nuclear terrorism by working in Russia and other regions of concern to 1) secure and eliminate vulnerable nuclear weapons and weapons exploitable materials, and 2) install detection equipment at international crossing points and Megaports to prevent and detect the illicit transfer of nuclear material. The program continues to improve the security of nuclear material and nuclear warheads in Russia and other countries of proliferation concern by installing Material, Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) upgrades and providing sustainability support to sites with previously installed MPC&A upgrades. Reducing the potential for diversion of nuclear warheads and nuclear materials has been a critical priority for the United States. The United States, through DOE/NNSA's Second Line of Defense Program, will continue to work with international partners to enhance their capabilities to detect, deter, and interdict illicit trafficking in nuclear and other radioactive materials, including the screening of containerized cargo at strategic international seaports.

Elimination of Weapons-Grade Plutonium Production (EWGPP).—Enhances nuclear nonproliferation by assisting Russia in ceasing its production of weapons-grade plutonium by providing replacement heat and electricity production capacity. This will result in the shutdown of the world's last three plutonium producing reactors, two of which have already been shut down in Seversk, and eliminate the production of 1.2 metric tons of plutonium per year. This program is scheduled to be completed in 2010 with the completion of the Zheleznogorsk portion of the program.

Fissile Materials Disposition.—The program goal is to eliminate the surplus Russian weapons-grade plutonium and surplus United States (U.S.) weapons-grade plutonium and highly enriched uranium. These disposition activities are concrete steps towards the Administration's vision of a world without nuclear weapons and are consistent with Administration international nonproliferation and arms control obligations. The program focuses U.S. efforts to downblend surplus U.S. highly enriched uranium and to implement the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement between the United States and Russia, which commits both countries to dispose of no less than 34 metric tons of surplus weapons-grade plutonium—enough for 8,000 nuclear weapons.

Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI).—The GTRI mission is to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials located at civilian sites worldwide. GTRI directly supports the Administration's goal to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years, as well as objectives defined at the Moscow Summit in July 2009 concerning material removal and conversion of research reactors.

GTRI supports the U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Goal by preventing terrorists from acquiring nuclear and radiological materials that could be used in weapons of mass destruction (WMD) or other acts of terrorism by: 1) Converting research reactors and isotope production facilities from the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low enriched uranium (LEU); 2) Removing and disposing of excess nuclear and radiological materials; and, 3) Protecting high-priority nuclear and radiological materials from theft and sabotage. These three key aspects of GTRI—convert, remove, and protect—together provide a comprehensive approach to achieving its mission and denying terrorists access to nuclear and radiological materials.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Cerro Grande Fire Activities.—Emergency funding was provided in 2000 and 2001 for restoration activities at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico after the Cerro Grande Fire in May 2000.

Federal Funds

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses necessary for atomic energy defense environmental cleanup activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed [four] two ambulances and [three passenger motor vehicles] one fire truck for replacement only, [$5,642,331,000] $5,563,039,000, to remain available until expended, of which [$463,000,000] $496,700,000 shall be transferred to the "Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund''[: Provided, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $4,000,000 shall be used for projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Defense Environmental Cleanup Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Defense Environmental Cleanup program is responsible for identifying and reducing risks and managing waste at sites where the Department carried out defense-related nuclear research and production activities that resulted in radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste contamination requiring remediation, stabilization, or some other type of cleanup action. The budget displays the cleanup program by site.

Closure Sites.—Funds post-closure administration costs after physical completion.

Hanford Site.—Funds the Hanford site cleanup and environmental restoration to protect the Columbia River. The Hanford site cleanup is managed by two Environmental Management (EM) site offices: the Richland Operations Office and the Office of River Protection.
The Hanford site (Richland) is responsible for cleanup of most of the geographic area on the Hanford site, and its projects are displayed in two new accounts: projects that focus on Central Plateau remediation and projects to be completed within the River Corridor and other cleanup operations. These new accounts are proposed in the 2011 Budget to better align activities at the Hanford site with the way the work is completed and eliminates the previous accounts of 2012 Accelerated Completions and 2035 Accelerated Completions. The primary cleanup focus is the safe storage, treatment and disposal of Hanford's legacy wastes and environmental restoration. Risk to the public, workers, and the environment will be reduced by removing contamination before it migrates to the Columbia River.
The Office of River Protection at the Hanford site is responsible for the storage, retrieval, treatment, immobilization, and disposal of tank waste and the operation, maintenance, engineering, and construction activities in the 200 Area Tank Farms. Its budget has two components, the operation and maintenance of radioactive liquid waste tank farms and construction of the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant.

Idaho.—Funds the Idaho Cleanup Project, which is aimed at reducing the risk of contamination reaching the Snake River Plain Aquifer from nuclear and hazardous waste buried or stored on-site. It also funds efforts to eliminate infrastructure costs by aggressively conducting cleanup operations to reduce the site "footprint"; stabilize legacy spent nuclear fuel through 2012; and treat and dispose of the sodium bearing tank wastes, close tank farms, perform initial tank soils remediation work, and prepare the stored high-level waste calcine for final disposition.

NNSA Sites.—Funds the safe and efficient cleanup of the environmental legacy at National Nuclear Security Administration sites including Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nevada Site, and the Separations Process Research Unit. The cleanup strategy is a risk-based approach that focuses first on those contaminant plumes and sources that are the greatest contributors to risk. The overall goal is first to ensure that risks to the public and workers are controlled, then to clean up soil and groundwater using a risk-based methodology. NNSA is responsible for long-term stewardship of its sites after physical cleanup is completed.

Oak Ridge.—Funds defense-related cleanup of the three facilities that make up the Oak Ridge Reservation: the East Tennessee Technology Park, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Y-12 Plant. The overall cleanup strategy is based on surface water considerations, encompassing five distinct watersheds that feed the Clinch River. Cleanup actions will contain that waste; improve on-site surface water quality to meet required standards; and protect off-site users of the Clinch River.

Savannah River Site.—Funds the safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of legacy nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste at the Savannah River site. The cleanup funding is displayed in two new accounts: projects that are associated with risk management and projects that focus on cleanup and waste disposition, which includes nuclear material stabilization, radioactive tank waste, and the Defense Waste Processing Facility operations. These new accounts are proposed in the 2011 Budget to better align activities at the Savannah River site with the way the work is completed and eliminates the previous accounts of Nuclear Material Stabilization and Disposition, 2035 Accelerated Completions, and Tank Farm Activities. The Savannah River cleanup strategy has four primary objectives: 1) eliminate the highest risks first through safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of EM-owned nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste; 2) significantly reduce costs of continuing operations and surveillance and maintenance; 3) decommission all EM-owned facilities; and 4) remediate groundwater and contaminated soils, using an area closure approach.

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.—Funds the world's first permitted deep geologic repository for the permanent disposal of radioactive waste, and the Nation's only disposal site for defense-generated transuranic waste. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, managed by the Carlsbad Field Office, is an operating facility, supporting the cleanup of transuranic waste from waste generator and storage sites. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is crucial to DOE completing its cleanup and closure mission.

Program Direction.—Funds the Federal workforce responsible for the overall direction and administrative support of the EM program, including both Headquarters and field personnel.

Program Support.—Funds EM Headquarters policy and oversight activities. This includes management and direction for various crosscutting EM and Department of Energy initiatives; establishment and implementation of national and departmental policy; and analyses and integration activities across the Department of Energy complex in a consistent, responsible and efficient manner.

Safeguards and Security.—Funds activities to protect against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody or destruction of Department of Energy assets and hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on fundamental national security or the health and safety of Department of Energy and contractor employees, the public or the environment.

Technology Development and Deployment.—Funds projects to address the immediate, near- and long-term technology needs identified by the EM sites, enabling them to accelerate their cleanup schedules, treat orphaned wastes, improve worker safety, and provide technical foundations for the sites' end state visions.

Federal Contribution to the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund.—Funds the Federal Government's contribution to the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses, necessary for atomic energy defense, other defense activities, and classified activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed [12] 10 passenger motor vehicles for replacement only, [$847,468,000] $866,317,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $3,000,000 shall be used for projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Other Defense Activities Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Health, Safety and Security.—The Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS) supports the Secretary's mission-related objectives by strengthening the Department's health, safety, environment, and security programs to enhance productivity while maintaining the highest standards of safe operation, protection of national assets, and environmental sustainability. HSS functions include: policy and guidance development and technical assistance; analysis of health, safety, environment, and security performance; domestic and international health studies; medical screening programs for former workers; employee compensation support; quality assurance programs; safety and security professional development and training; interface with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board; advanced security technologies deployment; national security information programs; security for the Department's facilities and personnel in the National Capital Area; independent oversight of security, cyber security, emergency management, environment, safety, and health performance; and worker safety, nuclear safety, and classified information security enforcement programs.

Office of Legacy Management.—The programs support long-term stewardship activities (e.g., groundwater monitoring, disposal cell maintenance, records management, and management of natural resources) at sites where active remediation has been completed. In addition, Legacy Management is responsible for the management and administration of pension and benefit continuity for contractor retirees at these sites.

All Other.—Obligations are included for defense-related administrative support, defense-related activities at Idaho National Laboratory, and the Office of Hearings and Appeals. The Office of Hearings and Appeals adjudicates personnel security cases, complaints of reprisals by contractor employees for "whistleblowing,'' and is the appeal authority in various other areas, including block grant appeals. The Office also decides requests for exception from DOE orders, rules, and regulations. Finally, the Office is responsible for the DOE civil rights functions, including the processing of EEO and Title VI/Title IX complaints, oversight of DOE financial assistance to prevent it from being used in a discriminatory way, as well as coordinating the employee concerns program activities performed by Federal officials.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

[For nuclear waste disposal activities to carry out the purposes of Public Law 97-425, as amended, including the acquisition of real property or facility construction or expansion, $98,400,000, to remain available until expended.] (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal appropriation was established by the Congress as part of the 1993 Energy and Water Development Appropriation (Pub. L. No. 102-377), in lieu of payment from the Department of Energy (DOE) into the Nuclear Waste Fund for activities related to the disposal of defense high-level waste from DOE's atomic energy defense activities. The Administration has determined that developing a repository at Yucca Mountain is not a workable option and that the Nation needs a different solution for nuclear waste disposal. As a result, the Department will discontinue its application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a license to construct a high-level waste geologic repository at Yucca Mountain in 2010 and establish a Blue Ribbon Commission to develop a new strategy for nuclear waste management and disposal. All funding for development of the Yucca Mountain facility will be eliminated, such as further land acquisition, transportation access, and additional engineering. Ongoing responsibilities under the Act, including administration of the Nuclear Waste Fund and the Standard Contract, will continue under the Office of Nuclear Energy, which will lead future waste management activities. Residual responsibilities for site remediation will be assumed by NNSA and the Office of Environmental Management.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Federal Funds

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for science activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and purchase of not more than [50] 57 passenger motor vehicles, 56 of which are for replacement only, including [one] two law enforcement vehicles, two ambulances, and [three] two buses, [$4,903,710,000] $5,121,437,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That $15,000,000 appropriated under this heading under prior appropriation Acts for the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy is hereby transferred to the "Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy'' account: Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $76,890,000 shall be used for the projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Science Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

High Energy Physics.—The high energy physics (HEP) program aims to understand how our universe works at its most fundamental level, by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions between them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time itself. The program encompasses both experimental and theoretical particle physics research and related advanced accelerator and detector technology research and development (R&D). The primary mode of experimental research involves the study of collisions of energetic particles using large particle accelerators or colliding beam facilities.
In addition to contributing to breakthrough scientific discoveries, HEP research also makes major contributions to accelerator technology and provides the expertise necessary for the expansion of such technology into medicine, industry, and homeland security, as well as materials, biology, and chemistry research using light sources. One notable recent example is the Linac Coherent Light Source, now operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: the concept and proof-of-principle for this state-of-the-art basic energy sciences facility grew out of particle accelerator technology developed for the HEP program.
The HEP budget request supports a world leadership program at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Funding is provided for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) research program, including support for software and computing, pre-operations and maintenance of the U.S. built systems that are part of the LHC detectors; and accelerator commissioning and accelerator physics studies using the LHC.
While the future trajectory of the worldwide HEP program has an emphasis on the energy frontier, the proposed long-range program will provide the U.S. with a balanced and diverse array of world-leading efforts, including new facilities to ensure continued U.S. leadership at the intensity and cosmic frontiers of exploration, such as intense particle beams to probe rare and subtle particle interactions, or ground and space-based observatories for understanding dark energy and dark matter.

Nuclear Physics.—The nuclear physics (NP) program provides new insights and advances knowledge on the evolution and structure of nuclear matter. The program focuses on three broad but highly related research frontiers: strong interactions among quarks and gluons (quantum chromodynamics) and how they assemble into the various forms of matter; the structure of atomic nuclei at their limits of existence and nuclear astrophysics to address the origin of the elements and the evolution of the cosmos; and development of a new Standard Model of fundamental interactions and understanding of its implications for the origin of matter and the properties of neutrinos and nuclei.
NP develops the scientific knowledge, technologies, and trained workforce needed to underpin DOE's applied missions and is inherently relevant to a broad suite of applications that are important to the Nation. The advancement of knowledge of nuclear matter and its properties is intertwined with nuclear power, nuclear medicine, national security, environmental and geological sciences, and isotope production.
The NP request continues support of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory to characterize new states of matter and phenomena that occur in hot, dense nuclear matter; the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to understand the substructure of the nucleon; and the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System at Argonne National Laboratory for the study of nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. Construction continues on the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project to double the electron beam energy at CEBAF, which will open the opportunity for new discoveries and an understanding of quark confinement. Engineering and design is initiated for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, which will enable a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos and the behavior, of neutron stars, and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science. The Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications program develops and produces commercial and research radioisotopes that are provided to medical institutions, universities, research organizations, and industry for a wide array of uses and applications.

Biological and Environmental Research.—This program funds research in global climate change, environmental science, and systems biology. In conjunction with the advanced scientific computing research program, an earth systems modeling activity is continued to accelerate progress in coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice development through use of enhanced computer simulation and modeling. Genomics science activities will develop the science, technology, and knowledge base to harness microbial and plant systems for cost effective renewable energy production, carbon sequestration, and environmental remediation. The budget continues support for Bioenergy Research Centers, where research focuses on developing the fundamental science underpinning biofuel production.

Basic Energy Sciences.—The basic energy sciences (BES) program supports fundamental research in material sciences, chemistry, geosciences, and aspects of biosciences to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. BES supports two innovative approaches to integrated research: Energy Frontier Research Centers and Energy Innovation Hubs. The Energy Frontier Research Centers support multi-year, multi-investigator scientific collaborations focused on overcoming hurdles in basic science that block transformational discoveries. The Energy Innovation Hubs establish larger, highly integrated teams working to solve priority technology challenges that span work from basic research to engineering development to commercialization readiness.
The BES program operates large national user research facilities: a complementary set of intense x-ray sources, neutron scattering centers, electron beam characterization capabilities, and research centers for nanoscale science. These facilities probe materials in space, time, and energy at resolutions that can interrogate the inner workings of matter to answer some of the most challenging grand science questions. The request includes continued support to maintain utilization of and provide instrumentation for these state-of-the-art national user facilities. Research areas that will benefit from the facilities funding include structural biology, materials science, superconductor technology, and biomedical research and technology development. The request also supports construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Fusion Energy Sciences.—The fusion energy sciences (FES) program works to expand the fundamental understanding of matter at very high temperatures and densities and to develop the scientific foundations needed to develop a fusion energy source. This is accomplished by the study of the plasma state and its interactions with its surroundings. An essential element of the FES program is the invention of advanced measurement techniques to ascertain the properties of plasma and its surroundings at the level required to test, challenge, and advance theoretical models. This validation forms the foundation of computational tools used to understand and predict the behavior of natural and man-made plasmas systems, including burning plasmas for fusion energy.
The FES program is now moving into the burning plasma regime through its participation in ITER, an international fusion research facility under construction in Cadarache, France, which is designed to achieve and investigate the characteristics of a burning plasma. FES funds the U.S. contributions to the ITER Project in collaboration with the European Union (EU), Japan, Russia, Korea, China, and India. ITER is the next step toward eventually developing fusion as a commercially viable energy source. The U.S. input to ITER physics design and preparations for its scientific exploitation are being coordinated by the U.S. Burning Plasma Organization (USBPO), which is a FES community-wide activity leveraging ongoing research at major facilities and at universities. The FES program operates three major research facilities (DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod, and the National Spherical Torus Experiment) to develop a more complete understanding of the physics of magnetically confined plasma and to identify approaches that may improve the economical and environmental attractiveness of fusion power. The FES program also provides support for basic research in plasma science in partnership with the National Science Foundation, the study of high energy density laboratory plasmas through a joint program with the National Nuclear Security Administration, and investigation of the innovative plasma confinement concepts. Finally, the FES request continues to support theory, modeling, and advanced simulation using high performance computing and research on new diagnostic measurement techniques and enabling technologies to enhance the capability of FES research facilities.

Advanced Scientific Computing Research.—This program supports advanced computational research, applied mathematics, computer science, and networking. The program also supports the operation of large high performance computing and network facilities including leadership computing facilities at the Oak Ridge and Argonne National Laboratories, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Energy Sciences Network. The request includes research, integrated with other science programs, on application of computer simulation and modeling to science problems.

Science Laboratories Infrastructure.—The mission of this program is to support scientific and technological innovation at the Office of Science (SC) laboratories by funding mission-ready infrastructure and fostering safe, sustainable, and environmentally responsible operations. Paramount among these is the provision of the infrastructure necessary to ensure world leadership by the SC national laboratories in basic scientific research, now and in the future. The request continues funding for the Infrastructure Modernization Initiative that is ensuring the mission readiness of the laboratories.

Safeguards and Security.—The mission of this program is to support the conduct of Departmental research missions at SC laboratories by ensuring appropriate levels of protection against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody, destruction of DOE assets, hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on fundamental science, national security, the health and safety of DOE and contractor employees, the public, and the environment. The request maintains levels of protection specific to each facility and provides funding for the following areas: protective forces, security systems, information security, cyber security, personnel security, material control and accountability, and program management.

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.—This program trains young scientists, engineers, and technicians in the scientifically and technically advanced environment of the SC national laboratories to meet the demand for a well-trained scientific and technical workforce, including the teachers who educate the workforce in areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The program also funds the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship program.

Program Direction.—This program provides a highly skilled Federal workforce to develop and sustain world-class science programs that deliver the scientific discoveries and technological innovations needed to solve our nation's energy and environmental challenges and enable the U.S. to maintain its global competitiveness. The Office of Science workforce is responsible for overseeing taxpayer dollars for science program development; program and project execution and management; the administrative, business, and technical management of research grants and contracts; the oversight of 10 of the 17 DOE national laboratories; and providing public access to DOE's R&D results.

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Employment Summary

For necessary expenses in carrying out the activities authorized by section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act (Pub. L. No. 110-69), $299,966,000, to remain available until expended.

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The Energy Transformation Acceleration Fund provides funding to implement the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) within the Department of Energy, as established by the America COMPETES Act of 2007 (Pub. L. No. 110-69). The mission of ARPA-E is to overcome the long-term and high-risk technological barriers to the development of energy technologies.

ARPA-E will facilitate initiatives to enhance the economic security of the United States through the development of energy technologies that reduce energy imports, improve energy efficiency, and reduce energy-related emissions including greenhouse gases. ARPA-E will identify and promote revolutionary advances in the fundamental sciences, translating scientific discoveries and cutting edge inventions into technological innovations. It will also accelerate transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake because of technical and financial uncertainty. The role of ARPA-E is not to duplicate DOE's basic research and applied programs, but to focus on novel early-stage energy research with possible technology applications.

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In 2008, Congress disaggregated Energy Supply and Conservation into several new program-oriented accounts and appropriated funding accordingly. All activities formerly funded under this account are funded in the new program-oriented accounts, including Nuclear Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability.

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for nuclear energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not more than [36 passenger motor vehicles, including one ambulance] 9 buses, all for replacement only, [$786,637,000] $824,052,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $2,500,000 shall be used for projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Nuclear Energy Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Office of Nuclear Energy funds a range of research and development activities as well as supports the Nation's nuclear facilities. The 2011 budget continues programmatic support for advanced reactor R&D activities; fuel cycle R&D dedicated to waste storage and management solutions; and the safe, environmentally compliant, and cost-effective operation of the Department's nuclear energy infrastructure vital to nuclear energy R&D activities. To better align program functions with strategic goals, the 2011 budget establishes the Reactor Concepts Research, Development and Demonstration program, which will support new and ongoing R&D and other activities focused on innovative small modular reactors, the Next Generation Nuclear Plant, Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and other advanced reactor concepts. A new Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies program is also established to enable support of R&D focused on a broad spectrum of nuclear energy issues that crosscut reactor types and fuel cycle issues, including fuels, materials, and modeling and simulation. This program will also support a new effort to fund cutting-edge nuclear technology R&D across the full spectrum of nuclear energy issues. The effort will encourage out-of-the-box thinking and inspire creative solutions to the broad array of nuclear energy challenges. Preliminary design and engineering for a domestic capability to produce plutonium-238 for use in radioisotope power systems required for certain National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space missions and national security missions will be funded in 2011 as well. Notably, Safeguards and Security for Idaho National Laboratory is funded under the Other Defense Activities appropriation. In addition, the Office of Nuclear Energy will oversee ongoing responsibilities under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, including administration of the Nuclear Waste Fund and the Standard Contract, and will lead future waste management activities.

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Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for electricity delivery and energy reliability activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$171,982,000] $185,930,000, to remain available until expended [: Provided, That, within the funding available funding the Secretary shall establish an independent national energy sector cyber security organization to institute research, development and deployment priorities, including policies and protocol to ensure the effective deployment of tested and validated technology and software controls to protect the bulk power electric grid and integration of smart grid technology to enhance the security of the electricity grid: Provided further, That within 60 days of enactment, the Secretary shall invite applications from qualified entities for the purpose of forming and governing a national energy sector cyber organization that have the knowledge and capacity to focus cyber security research and development and to identify and disseminate best practices; organize the collection, analysis and dissemination of infrastructure vulnerabilities and threats; work cooperatively with the Department of Energy and other Federal agencies to identify areas where Federal agencies with jurisdiction may best support efforts to enhance security of the bulk power electric grid: Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $13,075,000 shall be used for projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The mission of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) is to lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the Nation's energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply. This effort is accomplished through research, development, demonstration and technology transfer; implementation of the electricity grid modernization requirements contained in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (including the congestion study and analysis of potential National Interest Electric Transmission corridors as authorized by Section 1221) and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; technical assistance and analytical support to States and regions for policies, market mechanisms, and activities that facilitate competitive, reliable, environmentally sensitive, and customer-friendly electric markets; authorization for electricity exports and Presidential permits for cross-border transmission lines; energy power systems analysis; and coordinating and carrying out DOE Lead Sector Specific Agency responsibilities for protecting the Nation's critical energy infrastructure. Partnerships to engage industry, utilities, States, other Federal programs and agencies, universities, national laboratories, and other stakeholders in OE's efforts to ensure a more secure, reliable, efficient, and affordable national electricity supply will continue to be a key element of the program.

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This program supports non-defense related long-term stewardship activities (e.g., groundwater monitoring, disposal cell maintenance, and management of natural resources) at sites where active remediation has been completed. In addition, Legacy Management is responsible for the management and administration of pension and benefit continuity for contractor retirees at these sites. These activities are funded within the Other Defense Activities appropriation beginning in 2009.

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for energy efficiency and renewable energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$2,242,500,000] $2,355,473,000, to remain available until expended [: Provided, That funds provided under this heading in this and prior appropriation Acts are available for on-site and off-site improvements for the Ingress/Egress and Traffic Capacity Upgrades project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Provided further, That, of the $80,000,000 provided under the wind energy subaccount under Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, up to $8,000,000 may be competitively awarded to universities for turbine and equipment purchases for the purposes of studying turbine to turbine wake interaction, wind farm interaction, and wind energy efficiencies, provided that such equipment shall not be used for merchant power production: Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $292,135,000 shall be used for the projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) programs undertake research, development, demonstration and deployment activities to advance technologies and related practices to help meet the growing global demand for clean, reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy services and to reduce energy consumption. EERE programs include:

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies.—This program aims to reduce petroleum use, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria air pollutants, and to contribute to a more diverse and efficient energy infrastructure by enabling the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.

Biomass.—This program funds research, development, and deployment to validate and assist in commercialization of integrated biorefinery technologies. The program's activities include the development of biomass conversion technologies to produce a variety of biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. The program also develops environmentally sustainable, regionally available feedstock production systems to supply these conversion processes. The program's long-term goal is to enable industry to develop commercial biorefineries that can sustainably and economically convert lignocellulosic biomass and algae to fuels, chemicals, heat, and power. The program's near-term goal is to help make cellulosic ethanol cost competitive by 2012 using a wide array of regionally available biomass resources and biorefinery pathways.

Solar Energy.— The program's main objective is to achieve cost parity for solar electricity by 2015. To achieve this objective, the Photovoltaic subprogram collaborates with several industry-led consortia focusing on lowering costs through manufacturing and efficiency improvements. The Concentrating Solar Power subprogram is developing thermal storage and supporting systems research and optimization to provide baseload power on demand. Additionally, the Systems Integration and Market Transformation subprograms support cost goals by addressing grid integration issues and accelerating the deployment of solar through city outreach and workforce development efforts.

Wind Energy.—This program develops technology in partnership with industry to improve the reliability and affordability of land-based and offshore wind energy systems. The program also supports resource assessments, advanced modeling, as well as activities that help reduce barriers to electric grid interconnection and other issues related to technology acceptance in the market.

Water Power.—This program conducts research, development, validation testing and deployment of innovative water technologies to accelerate market penetration of cost-effective and environmentally responsible renewable power generation from water. Early priorities of this relatively new program include: cost and resource assessments of the suite of potential marine, hydrokinetic, and advanced hydropower technologies, and environmental studies.

Vehicle Technologies.—The program's R&D seeks technology breakthroughs that will enable the U.S. to greatly reduce highway transportation petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions. Program activities encompass a suite of technologies for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, fuel cell, and advanced efficiency vehicles, including lightweight materials, electronic power controls and electric driven motors, and advanced energy storage devices. This program also supports research to improve the efficiency of advanced combustion engines, using fuels with formulations developed for advanced engines, and incorporating non-petroleum based fuels components. The program also funds community-based outreach via Clean Cities coalitions, competitive awards, and other activities to facilitate the market adoption of alternative fuels and highly efficient automotive technologies.

Building Technologies.—In partnership with the buildings industry, the program develops, promotes, and integrates energy technologies and practices to make buildings more efficient and affordable. The Building Technologies Program accelerates the availability of highly efficient building technologies and practices through research and development; increases the minimum efficiency of buildings and equipment through the promotion of model building efficiency codes and the promulgation of national lighting and appliance standards; and encourages the use of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies and practices in residential and commercial buildings through activities such as the ENERGY STAR partnership with EPA, and the Builders Challenge.

Industrial Technologies.—The Industrial Technologies Program supports cost-shared R&D of technologies to reduce industry's energy intensity and carbon emissions. Market transformation and technology development and deployment activities are pursued to accelerate industry's adoption of clean energy technologies that increase energy productivity.

Federal Energy Management Program.—This program enables the Federal Government to meet the relevant energy, water, greenhouse gas, and transportation goals of existing legislation and Executive Orders by providing interagency coordination, technical expertise, training, financing resources and contracting support.

Facilities and Infrastructure.—In support of EERE's R&D mission, this activity provides funding for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for general plant projects, maintenance, upgrades, and the final installment of funding to complete the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF).

Weatherization and Intergovernmental Activities.—The Weatherization and Intergovernmental Activities program supports clean energy deployment in partnership with State, local, U.S. Territory, and Tribal governments. The State Energy Program provides technical and financial resources to States to help them address issues in utility, renewable energy, and building code policies. Funding also supports energy efficiency and renewable energy projects that meet local needs. The Tribal Energy Program supports feasibility assessments and development of implementation plans for clean energy projects on Tribal lands. The Weatherization Assistance Program lowers energy use and costs for low income families by supporting energy efficient home retrofits through state-managed networks of local weatherization providers. The 2011 Budget also continues support for the Innovations in Weatherization activity to demonstrate new ways to increase the number of homes weatherized in partnership with non-traditional weatherization providers.

RE-ENERGYSE.—This program is focused on accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy by creating an energy-literate generation, educating future leaders in science, engineering, and technology; and building a highly skilled U.S. workforce to develop affordable, abundant, and clean energy.
The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act provided funds to EERE in 2009 both to expand and accelerate existing EERE activities — such as demonstrations of biorefineries and enhanced geothermal systems, weatherization of low-income homes, and increasing the availability and reliability of renewable energy systems — as well as for new activities including battery manufacturing, electrification of the transportation infrastructure, rebates for energy efficient appliances and energy efficiency and conservation block grants.

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Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses necessary for non-defense environmental cleanup activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$244,673,000] $225,163,000, to remain available until expended. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

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The Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup program includes funds to manage and clean up sites used for civilian energy research, and non-defense related activities. Past activities related to nuclear energy research and development resulted in radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste contamination that requires remediation, stabilization, or some other type of action. The budget displays the cleanup program by site.

West Valley Demonstration Project.—Funds waste disposition, building decontamination, removal of non-essential facilities in the near-term, and development of the Decommissioning Environmental Impact Statement. West Valley Demonstration Project plans to achieve interim end state completion no later than 2012.

Gaseous Diffusion Plants.—Funds surveillance and maintenance of the former Uranium Program facilities and manages legacy polychlorinated biphenyl contamination. Also included are the operation of two depleted uranium hexafluoride conversion facilities at Paducah, Kentucky, and Portsmouth, Ohio, to convert the depleted uranium hexafluoride into a more stable form for reuse or disposition.

Fast Flux Test Facility.—Funds the long-term surveillance and maintenance and eventual decontamination and decommissioning of the Fast Flux Test Facility, constructed and operated from the 1960s through 1980s.

Small Sites.—Funds cleanup, closure, and post-closure environmental activities at a number of geographic sites across the Nation, including Brookhaven National Laboratory, Energy Technology Engineering Center, Moab, and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, as well as non-defense activities at Los Alamos and Idaho. Some sites are associated with other Department of Energy programs, particularly the Office of Science, and will have continuing missions after EM completes the cleanup. Others will transition to the Office of Legacy Management or private sector entities for post-closure activities.

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For necessary expenses in carrying out fossil energy research and development activities, under the authority of the Department of Energy Organization Act (Public Law 95-91), including the acquisition of interest, including defeasible and equitable interests in any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition or expansion, and for conducting inquiries, technological investigations and research concerning the extraction, processing, use, and disposal of mineral substances without objectionable social and environmental costs (30 U.S.C. 3, 1602, and 1603), [$672,383,000] $586,583,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That for all programs funded under Fossil Energy appropriations in this Act or any other Act, the Secretary may vest fee title or other property interests acquired under projects in any entity, including the United States[: Provided further, That, of the amount appropriated in this paragraph, $36,850,000 shall be used for projects specified in the table that appears under the heading "Congressionally Directed Fossil Energy Projects'' in the joint explanatory statement accompanying the conference report on this Act]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)